Russian Language Grammar
Adjectives with Variable Meanings
The adjectives больший (greater); меньший (lesser); лучший (better, best); худший (worst); высший (highest); низший (lowest); старший (elder, senior), and младший (younger, junior) are in a class by themselves.
They have lost to a great extent the characteristics of the simple comparative degree to which they originally belonged:
1. They have three genders, two numbers, and they are declined:
|
в лучшем случае |
in the best case |
|
получить высшую награду |
to get the highest award |
2. Their usage as a comparative degree is quite limited:
(a) Actually, only лучший is frequently used – both as a comparative and as a superlative:
|
Я не знаю лучшей дороги. |
I don't know a better road. (соmр.) |
|
Он лучший ученик в классе. |
Не is the best pupil in class (superl.) |
|
Это лучший выход. |
This is the best way out. (superl.) |
(b) Больший and меньший are used only as comparatives, and are found as a rule, in a limited number of expressions pertaining to abstract notions.
|
большая часть времени |
the greater part of the time |
|
из двух зол меньшее |
the lesser of two evils |
(c) Худший is used only as a superlative:
в худшем случае - in the worst case
(d) Высший and низший are used in a number of set expressions, such as:
|
высшее образование |
college (lit.: highest) education |
|
низшая школа |
elementary (lit: lowest) school |
and also as superlatives:
|
высшая похвала |
highest praise |
|
низший уровень |
lowest level |
(e) Старший and младший are used in a number of set expressions only:
|
старший брат |
eldest brother |
|
студенты старших курсов |
upper class students |
|
младший лейтенант |
second lieutenant |
(f) Finally, лучший and худший may combine with самый to form the compound superlative:
|
самый лучший |
the (very) best |
|
самое худшее |
the worst (of all) |
(The normal compound superlative самый followed by the positive degree can also be used here: самый хороший, самое плохое.)


