Russian Language Grammar
Personal Pronouns
Declension of Personal Pronouns
The personal pronouns: я, ты, он, она, оно, мы, вы, они are declined as follows:
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SINGULAR |
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I |
you (thou) |
he |
it |
she |
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NOM. |
я |
ты |
он |
оно |
она |
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GEN. |
меня |
тебя |
его |
её |
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DAT. |
мне |
тебе |
ему |
ей |
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ACC. |
меня |
тебя |
его |
её |
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INSTR. |
мной |
тобой |
им |
ей |
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PREP. |
мне |
тебе |
нём |
ней |
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PLURAL |
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we |
you |
they |
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NOM. |
мы |
вы |
они |
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GEN. |
нас |
вас |
их |
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DAT. |
нам |
вам |
им |
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ACC. |
нас |
вас |
их |
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INSTR. |
нами |
вами |
ими |
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PREP. |
нас |
вас |
них |
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Notes :
(a) Unlike English, the pronouns он, она, оно are used to denote people, animals and objects – both animated and inanimated.
(b) The instrumental of я, ты, она has a variant form: мною, тобою, ею.
(c) To express possession, the possessive pronouns мой, твой, etc., are used (and not the genitive case меня, тебя, etc.).
(d) After most prepositions, third person personal pronouns take an initial н-. Examples: у него, к ней, с ними.
(e) After the prepositions (or prepositional expressions) благодаря, вне, вопреки, вследствие, за исключением, навстречу, наперекор, согласно the letter н- is not added: благодаря ему – thanks to him; навстречу ей – toward her.
(f) The prepositions в, к, над, перед, под, and с become во, ко, in front of "мне", and надо, передо, подо, со in front of "мной".
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Он пришёл ко мне. |
Не came to (see) me. |
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Она разочаровалась во мне. |
She became disappointed in me. |
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Кто идёт со мной? |
Who is coming with me? |
But:
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Он прицелился в меня. |
Не aimed at me. |
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Начните с меня. |
Begin with me. |
(g) "About me" is обо мне.
Usage of Personal Pronouns
1. Personal pronouns may pertain to objects, when referring to something previously mentioned:
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Это новая книга. Она очень интересная. |
That's a new book. It is very interesting. |
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Где мой карандаш? Я не могу его найти. |
Where is my pencil? I can't find it. |
2. Omission of personal pronouns
(a) Personal pronouns are sometimes omitted in a sentence, often in answer to a question. This may or may not render the sentence somewhat casual:
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– Что вы делали днём? – Играл в теннис. |
– What did you do this afternoon? – Played tennis. |
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– Что он ответил? – Сказал, что придёт завтра. |
– What did he answer? – Said he'd come tomorrow. |
A great deal depends, however, on the situation and on the tone. Omitting "я" in the following sentences has really nothing casual about it; on the contrary, it modestly draws away the attention from the first person:
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Где он живёт? – Не знаю, правда. |
Where does he live? – I don't know, really. |
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Она уже уехала? – Нет, не думаю. |
Has she already left? – No, I don't think so. |
Other examples (not in answer to a question):
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Пишу Вам с просьбой. |
I am writing to you with a request. |
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Простите, что не ответил раньше. |
Forgive me for not answering earlier. |
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Благодарю вас. |
Thank you. |
(b) The pronouns ты and вы are frequently omitted with the verb "знать" (to know) – when the speaker hardly expects an affirmative answer:
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Знаешь, кого я сейчас встретил? |
Do you know whom I just met? |
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Знаете, что я видел во сне? |
Do you know what I dreamed about? |
(Compare this to Вы знаете его адрес? (Do you know his address?) – which is definitely a question.)
(c) In particular, the omission of the pronoun они makes the sentence impersonal:
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Здесь не дают на чай. |
One doesn't tip here. |
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Здесь говорят по-английски. |
English spoken (a sign on a shop window, for example). |
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Там чинят дорогу. |
They are repairing the road over there. (The road is being repaired.) |



